Final answer:
The phrase 'of Joseph and Mary' is an adjective phrase that describes Jesus by identifying his parents. It modifies the noun 'son' and informs us about his lineage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phrase “of Joseph and Mary” is an adjective phrase. It provides additional information about Jesus of Nazareth by identifying his parental figures. This type of phrase is used to describe or modify a noun by answering questions such as “Whose?” or “Which one?” In the sentence “This is Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph and Mary,” the phrase modifies “son,” telling us whose son Jesus is. Therefore, it is not an adverbial phrase because it doesn't serve to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb by expressing time, place, condition, degree, or manner. Instead, it fulfills the role of describing the noun.