Answer:
- Water: salinization due to irrigation, water pollution, etc.
- Soil: erosion (mechanization), porosity, accumulation of harmful pesticides/herbicides, loss of microbe biodiversity, etc.
Step-by-step explanation:
Improper agricultural practices are associated with the pollution of soil and water. It is well known that the overuse of fertilizers or pesticides/herbicides contaminates both the soil and water and disturbs the composition of nutrients in the soil. Moreover, improper agricultural practices also reduce soil porosity, produce soil erosion and increase soil salinity/alkalinity. Moreover, improper practices may also increase pollution by increasing the concentrations of nutrients and toxic pollutants in both water and crops. Finally, irrigation techniques increase salinity levels in water and soil.