Answer:
Pour the water first, freeze it, and then pour the milk. The freezing point of raw unprocessed milk is ∼−0.5 degrees Celsius, so by keeping the barrel under 0 degrees, but above −0.5 degrees, you can keep the water frozen and the milk liquid, and be able to separate them.
You can freeze the whole thing below −0.5 degrees. Just don’t warm it suddenly above 0 degrees without separating the milk first.
In fact, the freezing point of milk can be and is used as a test to check whether water was added to milk by producers.