Final answer:
For future butterflies to have structural abnormalities and gene mutations due to radiation exposure, the affected butterflies must have genetic damage in their germ-line DNA which can be inherited by their offspring. If the radiation-induced DNA damage occurs in the reproductive cells, it increases the likelihood of the deformities being passed down through generations.
Step-by-step explanation:
To cause structural abnormalities and gene mutations in future generations of butterflies, the radiation-exposed butterflies must have alterations in their germ-line DNA, which is the genetic material in the sperm or eggs that can be passed on to offspring. Radiation can harm biological systems by causing damage to the DNA of cells. This damage, if not properly repaired, can lead to mutations. These mutations can then be inherited if they occur in the germ-line cells.
Exposure to radiation has been linked to cancer and genetic defects. For instance, studies suggest that nuclear workers exposed to high doses of gamma-radiation had an increased risk of death from several types of cancers. In the case of the butterflies, if the radiation exposure caused mutations in the DNA of their reproductive cells, there is a possibility that future offspring may exhibit similar or more severe deformities.
It is important to understand that not all radiation exposure leads to visible mutations or cancer. The body has repair mechanisms that can sometimes correct DNA damage. However, when these mechanisms are overwhelmed or fail, the resulting genetic changes can be passed on to the next generation, particularly if they affect reproductive cells.