Question

1. Which of the following events is not a source of genetic variation in eukaryotic organisms?

J. Mutation
K. Independent assortment
L. Mitosis
M. Fertilisation

2. Which statement best describes the process of endocytosis?

J. A vesicle within a cell fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the outside
K. Solid particles or liquid are taken up by a cell through invagination of the plasma membrane
L. Investment in one cytosis reduces the ability of the parent to assist another cytosis
M. One region of an embryo directs the development of neighbouring region of an embryo through movement of cells

3. In eukaryotic cells the conversion of ADP and phosphate into ATP occurs (KA1)

J. only in the mitochondria, and requires energy.
K. only in the cytoplasm, and releases energy.
L. in both the mitochondria and the cytoplasm, and requires energy.
M. in both the mitochondria and the cytoplasm, and releases energy.

4. One consequence of having small regulated steps in an energy pathway is (KA1)

J. an increase in the activation energy for the pathway.
K. a decrease in the amount of heat lost from the pathway.
L. a decrease in the amount of ATP released from the pathway.
M. an increase in the total energy released from the pathway.

5. Adult stem cells in bone marrow can differentiate into a variety of cell types e.g brain, skin, lungs, heart, liver and muscle.
Stem cells that are transplanted from a healthy donor into a patient (recipient) will divide and differentiate into cells of like form and function to the surrounding cells.
The adult stem cells from the bone marrow of the donor would be genetically identical to the cells of the

J. recipient, and divide by mitosis.
K. donor, and divide by mitosis.
L. recipient, and divide by meiosis.
M. donor, and divide by meiosis.

Answer 1

1. Mitosis

2. K. Solid particles or liquid are taken up by a cell through invagination of the plasma membrane

3. L. in both the mitochondria and the cytoplasm, and requires energy.

4. J. an increase in the activation energy for the pathway.

5. K. donor, and divide by mitosis.

Step-by-step explanation:

The sources of genetic variation in a population with sexual reproduction are 1-mutation, which can be defined as genetic changes in the genome of an organism that create new alleles in the population, 2-independent assortment, where pairs of homologous chromosomes are randomly separated, during meiosis, 3-fertilization, where two gametes held together to form the zygote cell (thereby creating new genetic combinations), and 4-recombination or crossing over (i.e., the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during meiosis). Endocytosis is a cellular process by which substances enter into the cell by invagination of the cell membrane (this term is contrary to exocytosis). In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are organelles whose membranes produce ATP from ADP and Pi by aerobic respiration (i.e., by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain), while glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. This process requires the addition of energy (chemical energy in the form of organic compounds). An energy pathway that has many small regulated steps is expected to produce intermediate products and increase its activation energy. Finally, stem cells that derive from a donor and are genetically identical it is expected that divide by mitosis.