Answer:
31) Examples of the means of authenticating a user's identity that can be used alone or in combination are;
a) Something the individual knows;
The Personal Identification Number (PIN)
The password to an account
Answer to a (complete) set of questions
b) Something the individual possesses
An ATM card
A SIM card
Other examples includes;
Physical keys to a lock
Smart cards
Electronic Key-Card used for physical entrance into an apartment
c) Something the individual is (Static biometrics)
The fingerprint
Face recognition
Retina recognition
d) Something the individual does (dynamic biometrics);
Recognition of typing rhythm
Characteristics of the users handwriting
Voice pattern recognition
32) a) Specific account attack
A specific account is targeted for the attack by the attacker attempting to gain access by submitting guesses of the account password with the aim of finding the correct password
Countermeasure;
Limiting the number of password guesses
The use of strong passwords having over 8 characters that includes special characters
Use of multi-factor authentication
b) Workstation Hijacking
The attacker takes advantage of an logged-in unattended workstation
Countermeasure;
The use of automatic lock functions that use time of inactivity on a system or the absence of a paired device
c) Password Guessing
Password guessing is the technique used while online in an attempt to prove to being the authentic particular user by means of trial and error of a user password
Countermeasure;
The use of a two or more of authentication method also known as a multi-factor authentication MFA
Step-by-step explanation: