Answer:
1) A segment is a "part" of a line that is delimited by two points, such that it starts in a point and ends in another.
In segments the "endpoints" can commute, so is the same DA as AD.
In the image we can see 3 segments:
DA
AS
DS
2) A ray starts in a point and passes through another point, extending infinitely.
In this case, the ray DA is different than the ray AD, because the ray DA starts in D and extends to the right (because point A is at the right of point D) infinitely.
And the ray AD starts in A and extends to the left infinitely (because point D is at the left of point A).
Also, because A and S are colinear, the rays:
ray DA = ray DS
Both of them start on D and extend infinitely to the right.
Then the rays we can see on this image are:
ray DA = ray DS
ray AS
ray SA = ray SD
ray AD.
4 rays in total.
3) The names of the segments are the ones we wrote in point 1.
DA
DS
AS
4) The segment that connects point D with point S is the segment DS.
5) The ray AS starts at A and goes to the right, then the one that goes toward the opposite of AS would be one that starts at A and goes to the left.
That one is the ray AD.