Answer:
The Indus civilization arose in the 3rd millennium BCE and existed until the 2nd millennium BCE, making it one of the world's oldest civilizations. The ancient Indus River valley's inhabitants developed new handicraft techniques, such as Carnelian goods and seal carving, as well as metallurgy using copper, bronze, lead, and tin. In 1921-1922, Sir John Hubert Marshall led an excavation effort that resulted in the discovery of Harappa's ruins.
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