Final answer:
The skeletal system, specifically the bone marrow within bones, is responsible for creating red blood cells. The autonomic nervous system, especially the sympathetic nervous system, regulates physiological changes during exercise. Damaged red blood cells are removed by macrophages.
Step-by-step explanation:
Red Blood Cell Production
The system responsible for creating red blood cells is the skeletal system. Specifically, red blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow, which is a soft, spongy tissue found inside bones. This process is known as erythropoiesis. Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are essential for transporting oxygen throughout the body and removing carbon dioxide.
Regarding the physiological changes seen during exercise such as increased heart rate and sweating, the autonomic nervous system is responsible, and within it, particularly the sympathetic nervous system. This division of the nervous system involuntarily regulates bodily functions. The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, with the former being activated during stress or physical activity.
Lastly, aging and damaged erythrocytes are removed from the circulation by macrophages, which are a type of white blood cell responsible for engulfing and digesting cellular debris and pathogens.