Final answer:
DNA, or ADN, serves as the genetic storage molecule with a characteristic double-helix structure and thymine base, while RNA, or ARN, transfers genetic information for protein synthesis, is usually single-stranded, and contains uracil. mRNA, a type of RNA, is made in the nucleus and then travels to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between ADN (DNA) and ARN (RNA) lies in their structure and function within the cell. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores genetic information and has a double-stranded structure. It has deoxyribose as its sugar and uses the base thymine. On the other hand, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is responsible for transmitting or expressing genetic information by directing the synthesis of proteins. RNA usually has a single-stranded structure, contains ribose as its sugar, and uracil replaces thymine.
RNA is different from DNA in several aspects: the sugar present in RNA is ribose, while DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA includes uracil as a base instead of thymine; and RNA is primarily single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded. This difference is critical because it allows RNA to perform functions such as protein synthesis that the stable and storage-oriented DNA cannot perform as efficiently.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is made in the nucleus of a cell during the process known as transcription. After its production, mRNA exits the nucleus and travels to a cell's ribosome in the cytoplasm, where it is used as a template for translation into a protein sequence.