Obesity.
Skin cancer can be caused by the sun, elevation sickness is caused by the changed in height or movement, frostbite is caused by extremely cold weather and heat strokes are also do to an excessive amount of heat. All of those are climate factors.
The question is asking what health issue is NOT associated with climate factors, therefore the answer is C, Obesity. (a condition that in which your body contains too much body fat either due to stress, over eating, or genetics).