Final answer:
A roller coaster going up an incline transforms kinetic energy into potential energy as the motion (kinetic energy) of the coaster is converted into stored (potential) energy due to its elevated position at the top of the incline.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the provided options, Option B - a roller coaster goes up an incline, describes a transformation of kinetic energy to potential energy. As a roller coaster ascends an incline, its speed decreases because its kinetic energy is being converted into gravitational potential energy. This process exemplifies the conservation of energy whereby the total energy remains constant within a closed system, but it can be transformed between various forms of energy through work or heat.
Energy transformations are pivotal in physics, demonstrating how kinetic energy, the energy of motion, can be turned into potential energy, the energy stored within an object due to its position, form, or state. For instance, when the roller coaster reaches the top of the incline, it has the maximum potential energy which can later be transformed back into kinetic energy as it descends, propelling the roller coaster forward with increased speed.