Answer:
1. Internet service provider (ISP)
2. Protocols.
Step-by-step explanation:
Individuals connect to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP) allowing them access to the system. An ISP is a telecommunication company that provides internet services for other internet providers i.e they act as a backbone.
The rules on the Internet for how messages are addressed and passed on are called protocols.
A protocol can be defined as a standard set of rules established by the regulatory agencies to determine how data are transmitted from one network device to another.
Generally, the standard Internet communications protocols which allow digital computers to transfer (prepare and forward) data over long distances is the TCP/IP suite.