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A spring of negligible mass stretches 3.00 cm from its relaxed length when a force of 7.50 N is applied. A 0.500 - kg particle rests on a frictionless horizontal surface and is attached to the free end of the spring. The particle is displaced from the origin to x = 5.00 cm and released from rest at t = 0. (a) What is the force constant of the spring? (b) What are the angular frequency ω, the frequency, and the period of the motion? (c) What is the total energy of the system? (d) What is the amplitude of the motion? (e) What are the maximum velocity and the maximum acceleration of the particle? (f) Determine the displacement x of the particle from the equilibrium position at t = 0.500 s. (g) Determine the velocity and acceleration of the particle when t = 0.500 s.

Answer 1

Step-by-step explanation:

(a) Hooke's law:

F = kx

7.50 N = k (0.0300 m)

k = 250 N/m

(b) Angular frequency:

ω = √(k/m)

ω = √((250 N/m) / (0.500 kg))

ω = 22.4 rad/s

Frequency:

f = ω / (2π)

f = 3.56 cycles/s

Period:

T = 1/f

T = 0.281 s

(c) EE = ½ kx²

EE = ½ (250 N/m) (0.0500 m)²

EE = 0.313 J

(d) A = 0.0500 m

(e) vmax = Aω

vmax = (0.0500 m) (22.4 rad/s)

vmax = 1.12 m/s

amax = Aω²

amax = (0.0500 m) (22.4 rad/s)²

amax = 25.0 m/s²

(f) x = A cos(ωt)

x = (0.0500 m) cos(22.4 rad/s × 0.500 s)

x = 0.00919 m

(g) v = dx/dt = -Aω sin(ωt)

v = -(0.0500 m) (22.4 rad/s) sin(22.4 rad/s × 0.500 s)

v = -1.10 m/s

a = dv/dt = -Aω² cos(ωt)

a = -(0.0500 m) (22.4 rad/s)² cos(22.4 rad/s × 0.500 s)

a = -4.59 m/s²