Question

3. Indicators are usually organic molecules with functional groups that will accept or donate

protons to the solution which will change the structure and make the solution change color. How
does the accuracy and precision of a pH measurement done with an indicator compare to that of
pH paper or a pH probe?

Answer 1

Litmus paper (whether red or blue) is only indicative of whether a substance is acidic or basic.

Universal indicator can tell you the approximate pH for example a substance could have a pH of 13.

A pH probe is the most sensitive piece of equipment so is more reliable. A pH probe will give you a more accurate result for example a pH of 13.2