A recession is a period of economic downturn, typically characterized by a decline in the gross domestic product (GDP), high unemployment, and a decrease in business activity. Recessions are generally considered to be a normal part of the economic cycle, and they can occur at various times and for various reasons.
It is not possible to determine which of the time periods listed below corresponds to a recession without more information. To determine whether a particular time period experienced a recession, it is necessary to consider a range of economic indicators, such as GDP, unemployment, business activity, and other factors.