Final answer:
The formula for energy change includes the first law of thermodynamics (ΔU = Q - W), the work-energy theorem (Wnet = ½ m(v2 - u2)), the equation for free energy change in chemical reactions (ΔG = ΔH - TΔS), and Einstein's equation for mass-energy equivalence (E = mc2).
Step-by-step explanation:
The formula for energy change depends on the context of the problem. In thermodynamics, the first law states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system, represented as ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat transfer, and W is the work done by the system.
In the case of kinetic energy, the work-energy theorem relates the change in kinetic energy to the net work done on an object, indicated by Wnet = ½ m(v2 - u2), where m is mass, v is final velocity, and u is initial velocity. For chemical reactions, the change in free energy (ΔG) is calculated using ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, with ΔH representing the change in enthalpy, T the absolute temperature, and ΔS the change in entropy.
Regarding mass-energy equivalence in nuclear physics, Einstein's equation E = mc2 is used to calculate the energy resulting from a mass change, where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light.