as a matter of differentiation, that is Calculus I, hmmmm well, the rate of any phenomena can be either positive or negative, for this case dx/dt can be either, and is only negative when the rate is decreasing.
So by definition for the position equation of s(t) when ds/dt is negative, is decreasing, keeping in mind that ds/dt is simply the derivative or rate of s(t) and is also the velocity of the object.