1) Governments and empires during the era of industrialization employed a variety of economic strategies to manage the process of industrialization. These strategies included the implementation of protective tariffs, the establishment of national banks, the promotion of infrastructure development, the encouragement of foreign investment, the adoption of free trade policies, and the implementation of labor reforms.
2) During the period from ca. 1750 to ca. 1900, new approaches to economics and economic growth developed. These included the emergence of classical economics, the development of the industrial revolution, the rise of mercantilism, the growth of laissez-faire economics, and the emergence of socialism. These developments had a variety of effects, including the increased specialization of labor, the growth of international trade, the emergence of new technologies, and the increased concentration of wealth.
3) During the era of industrialization, a variety of reforms were implemented in order to address the negative effects of industrialization. These reforms included the establishment of labor unions, the implementation of minimum wage laws, the introduction of social welfare programs, the passage of anti-trust legislation, and the adoption of environmental regulations. The effects of these reforms included improved working conditions, increased wages, improved living standards, and increased economic stability.