Answer:
The main elements of population change are:
Births: The number of babies born in a population contributes to population growth.
Deaths: The number of deaths in a population can reduce the population size.
Migration: The movement of people into or out of a population can affect its size. This includes both international migration (moving between countries) and internal migration (moving within a country).
Aging: The age structure of a population can influence population growth. For example, if a population has a large number of elderly people and a relatively small number of young people, it may have lower population growth because there are fewer people of reproductive age.
Fertility rates: The number of children a woman has during her reproductive years can impact population growth. If fertility rates are high, the population may grow more quickly. If fertility rates are low, the population may grow more slowly or even decline.
Mortality rates: The number of deaths in a population can also impact population growth. If mortality rates are high, the population may grow more slowly or even decline. If mortality rates are low, the population may grow more quickly.