One Enlightenment philosopher who wrote extensively about the abolition of torture and the rights of criminals was Cesare Beccaria. Beccaria was an Italian Enlightenment philosopher and criminologist who is best known for his work on criminal justice reform. In his treatise "On Crimes and Punishments," which was published in 1764, Beccaria argued that torture was a cruel and ineffective form of punishment that should be abolished. He also argued that all individuals, including criminals, have certain inalienable rights that must be respected, and that the justice system should be focused on rehabilitating offenders rather than simply punishing them. Beccaria's ideas had a significant impact on criminal justice reform efforts during the Enlightenment and continue to be influential to this day.