The First Amendment to the Constitution, which protects freedom of speech, religion, and the press, was at issue in both McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission and Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. In McCutcheon, the Supreme Court ruled that certain provisions of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, which placed limits on campaign contributions, were unconstitutional. In Citizens United, the Supreme Court ruled that the government could not restrict political speech by corporations, including their ability to make independent expenditures for political campaigns. This decision effectively lifted the ban on corporate spending in elections.