During the time of the Pax Romana, which lasted from 27 BC to 180 AD, the Roman Empire absorbed a number of civilizations and territories. Some of the notable civilizations that were absorbed by Rome during this time include:
The Etruscan civilization, which was located in what is now central Italy. The Etruscans were absorbed by Rome in the 3rd century BC.
The Greek civilization, which was located in the eastern Mediterranean. The Romans conquered much of the Greek world in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, and many Greek cities and regions became Roman provinces.
The Celtic civilization, which was located in what is now Europe. The Romans conquered many Celtic tribes and territories in the 1st century BC and 1st century AD, and Celtic culture became deeply influenced by Roman culture.
The Carthaginian civilization, which was located in what is now Tunisia and Libya. The Romans defeated the Carthaginians in the Punic Wars and established Roman control over their territories in the 2nd and 3rd centuries BC.
The Egyptian civilization, which was located in what is now Egypt. The Romans conquered Egypt in 30 BC, and it became a Roman province.
The Nabataean civilization, which was located in what is now Jordan and Saudi Arabia. The Nabataeans were a major trading civilization, and the Romans established control over their territories in the 1st century AD.
The Parthian civilization, which was located in what is now Iran. The Romans and the Parthians were rivals and engaged in a series of wars over several centuries. The Romans eventually established some control over Parthian territories in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.