Answer:
Ground shaking: This is the most obvious and most common effect of earthquakes. The ground shakes and vibrates violently during an earthquake, which can cause damage to buildings and other structures.
Ground failure: Earthquakes can cause the ground to sink or rise, or to crack and break. This can lead to landslides, sinkholes, and other types of ground failure, which can be dangerous and destructive.
Tsunamis: Earthquakes that occur under the ocean can create tsunamis, which are large waves that can be deadly and destructive when they reach the shore.
Fires: Earthquakes can cause fires by damaging gas lines, electrical systems, and other infrastructure.
Flooding: Earthquakes can also cause flooding by breaking dams or damaging other types of water control structures.
Liquefaction: In some cases, earthquakes can cause the ground to become saturated with water and lose its strength, a process known as liquefaction. This can cause buildings and other structures to sink or tip over.
Secondary hazards: Earthquakes can also trigger other hazards, such as landslides, avalanches, and volcanic eruptions. These secondary hazards can be just as dangerous as the earthquake itself.