Answer:
See explanation
Step-by-step explanation:
Sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes are both types of chromosomes that are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. However, they are different from each other in several important ways:
Origin: Sister chromatids are formed during the process of DNA replication, when the double-stranded DNA molecule is replicated to produce two identical copies of the chromosome. Homologous chromosomes, on the other hand, are formed during meiosis, when the chromosomes are shuffled and recombined to produce genetically diverse gametes.
Number: Sister chromatids are always present in pairs, as they are formed during DNA replication. Homologous chromosomes, on the other hand, are present in pairs in diploid cells, but only one copy of each chromosome is present in haploid cells.
Function: Sister chromatids play a crucial role in the process of mitosis, as they are responsible for ensuring the accurate segregation of genetic material during cell division. Homologous chromosomes, on the other hand, play a role in sexual reproduction, as they allow for the shuffling and recombination of genetic material during meiosis.
Structure: Sister chromatids are identical copies of a single chromosome and are joined together at a structure called the centromere. Homologous chromosomes, on the other hand, are similar but not identical copies of each other, and they are not joined together at the centromere. Instead, they are held together by their corresponding genes, which are located at specific positions on the chromosome called loci.