Question:
What are imperialism and colonialism? How did they impose themselves around the world between 1850 and 1914, and how far do forms of them continue today?
Answer:
Imperialism and colonialism are ways for stronger nations to take control over other areas. In imperialism, a nation tries to increase their power by gaining more land or by controlling other countries' economies and governments. With colonialism, the country in charge will set up its own government in the new area, sometimes using the resources there for their own benefit.
Between 1850 and 1914, European countries sought to expand their territorial possessions and political influence around the world in order to obtain economic gains and secure markets for their goods. Military might and economic superiority were used to assert control, with countries such as Great Britain, France, and Germany leading the way in this endeavor. Additionally, technological advancements allowed for faster and more efficient communication and transportation, making it easier to extend imperial control. This period of European imperialism and colonialism saw the expansion of colonial empires in Africa, Asia, and the Americas, with indigenous people often being treated as second-class citizens and their cultures seen as inferior.
Though the world has changed drastically since this period, certain forms of imperialism and colonialism still exist today. Neocolonialism, for example, is when a powerful nation will use economic, political, or cultural means to maintain indirect control over a foreign territory. Additionally, countries such as the United States still have military bases in foreign countries, and some nations still receive aid from more powerful countries in exchange for political favors.
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