Answer:
All telecommunications technologies have the common goal of transmitting information over a distance. This can be achieved through a variety of means, such as electrical signals transmitted over wires, electromagnetic waves transmitted through the air or space, or even light transmitted through fiber optic cables.
Regardless of the specific technology being used, the fundamental principles of telecommunications are the same. This includes the use of a transmitter to encode and send the information, a channel to transmit the information over, and a receiver to decode and receive the information.
Other common elements of telecommunications technologies include the use of protocols to ensure the integrity and reliability of the transmitted information, and the use of various techniques to reduce interference and noise in the transmission process.