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Quechua was the language of the Incas. The Incas did not have a writing system.
However, they had a mathematics system. Workers kept records on a _______________, a group of colored strings knotted to represent different numbers. They may have used quipus to record information that writing recorded in other ancient civilizations.
The Incas practiced medicine. Inca medicine was performed by _______________. Before surgery, they _______________ the area to be operated on. They also gave patients a drug to put them to _________________ during the operation. The Incas used leaves from the coca plant as a powerful __________________.
The Incas expanded on __________________ farming practices invented by earlier cultures. They carved out strips of land on tall hillsides. Stone walls held the land in place. The terraces kept rain from washing away the soil. They also allowed the Incas to ___________________ in an area where there was little flat land.
The Incas were skilled _________________. They worked with copper, tin, bronze, silver, and gold. They also blended metals together to form _______________. An alloy is two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal mixed. Copper and bronze were used for everyday objects, including weapons and tools. Silver and gold were used to make statues of gods and goddesses and other decorations.
The Incas were skilled ___________________. They built many structures with giant stone blocks that were polished and carved to fit together so smoothly that they did not need __________________. Some of the buildings were made so well that they survived terrible earthquakes.
Because the Sapa Inca owned everything in the empire, there was little demand for barter or sale. __________________ did not play a major role in the economy. Farmers spent most of the year working on their own farms. However, they spent part of the year working land for the emperor. The work that they owed the emperor was a __________________, or a type of tax, called the ___________________.
The Mita system was one of the best inventions of the Inca government. Through the Mita system the Incas were able to create a vast system of __________________ and structures. In this system all of the people in the Incan empire worked for the _________________ for a certain amount of time. This labor was free to the government. Once a person turned fifteen they were obligated to participate in the Mita until they were fifty.
As with the Aztec, the Inca Empire ended with the arrival of the Spanish.
Francisco Pizarro traveled to Peru in 1532 to claim land and gold for Spain. His
weapons were superior to the Incas and the Incas had been made weak by
diseases brought by Europeans.