Final answer:
Price floors and price ceilings are market interventions that set minimum and maximum prices respectively, but neither directly shift supply or demand. A price floor can lead to a surplus, while a price ceiling can lead to a shortage.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering the effects of a price floor and a price ceiling on the market, it's important to understand that these mechanisms are types of government interventions designed to maintain market stability and protect consumers and producers. A price floor is set above the equilibrium price to prevent prices from going too low. This can help ensure that producers can cover the costs of production and maintain a reasonable standard of living. However, a price floor does not shift supply or demand; instead, it can lead to a surplus if set too high. Conversely, a price ceiling is a limit placed on how high a price can be charged for a product or service, typically set below the equilibrium price to keep goods affordable. Similar to price floors, price ceilings do not shift supply or demand; rather, they can result in a shortage if the ceiling is set too low.