Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH3 is a molecule with a long carbon chain containing a double bond between the third and fourth carbon atoms. In this molecule, the first three carbon atoms (CH3-CH2-CH) form a substructure known as a propyl group, while the last two carbon atoms (CH=CH-CH3) form a substructure known as an allyl group.
When applying Markovnikov's rule to this molecule, the double bond is treated as a functional group that can react with other molecules. In this case, the double bond will react with a molecule of hydrogen to form a new carbon-hydrogen bond, with the hydrogen atom attaching to the carbon atom that already has the most hydrogens. In this molecule, the carbon atom in the propyl group has three hydrogens, while the carbon atom in the allyl group has only two hydrogens. Therefore, according to Markovnikov's rule, the hydrogen atom will react with the carbon atom in the allyl group, forming a new molecule with the following structure: CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3.
Alternatively, if the reaction follows anti-Markovnikov's rule, the hydrogen atom will react with the carbon atom in the propyl group, forming a new molecule with the following structure: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH=CH3. This is the opposite of what would happen under Markovnikov's rule, as the hydrogen atom attaches to the carbon atom with the fewest hydrogens instead of the most.
Overall, Markovnikov's rule and anti-Markovnikov's rule describe how double bonds in molecules can react with other molecules to form new bonds. These rules help predict the outcome of chemical reactions involving double bonds, and are important tools in organic chemistry.