Final answer:
Logical fallacies are matched with their definitions: ad populum as assuming truth based on popularity, hasty generalization as conclusions formed on insufficient evidence, non sequitur as conclusions that don't logically follow, and strawman as attacking a misrepresented argument.
Step-by-step explanation:
To match the logical fallacy to its definition:
- ad populum is c) presumes that something must be true if most people believe it's true. It's a fallacy where the popularity of an idea is used as evidence of its truth.
- hasty generalization is b) a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence. This occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a sample that is too small or not representative.
- non sequitur is d) a conclusion that doesn't align with previous statements or evidence. It involves statements where the conclusion does not logically follow from the premises.
- strawman is a) oversimplifies an opponent's viewpoint and then attacks that hollow argument. This fallacy involves misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to attack.