Answer: The Iberian peninsula (Portugal & España "Spain"), Mesopotamia, and Central Asia.
Explanation: Early Arabs conquered Iberia. That is why the Arabic language makes up around 40% of the Spanish language. Mesopotamia is modern-day Iraq, Iran, and Syria. Iraq is the 1st known country to exist. We know this because the tree of knowledge that Adam & Eve at from can be located in modern-day Qurna, Iraq. The Babylonian and Assyrian empires were known to conquer Central Asia and neighboring countries in the Middle East. I am from Iraq, and this is all side evidence I provided to prove what countries early Arabs conquered, I hope this helped!