When working with rational functions, your main concern to not divide by 0. Dividing by 0 can't be done.
So, you need to look at the denominator of your fraction and figure out what values of g will make that denominator become 0.
Option #1 is to plug in each option from your list to see which ones make the denominator equal 0. If that g-value makes the denominator equal zero, then it has be excluded.
Option #2 is to set the denominator equal to 0 and solve that equation:
g^3 - 4g^2 - 12g = 0
To solve this, you could do it by factoring.
g^3 - 4g^2 - 12g = 0
g ( g^2 - 4g -12) = 0
g ( g - 6 ) ( g + 2) = 0
This splits into:
g = 0, g = 6, g = -2
So those are the three values of g that you cannot use.
g ≠ 0; g ≠ 6, g ≠ –2