Final answer:
The first step in the U.S. union organizing process is for workers to announce their intention to form a union and set a secret ballot election date, a step not directly reflected in the student's multiple-choice options.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first step in the union organizing process in the United States involves a group of workers declaring their intention to form a union, followed by the setting of an election date for a secret ballot vote among the firm's employees to decide on unionization. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) oversees the process, ensuring fair practice and the resolution of disputes. It is important to note that while the question explores the initial steps of forming a union, based on the information given, none of the listed options from the student's question directly mentions announcing the formation intents and setting a secret ballot, which are the first steps.
Lobbying efforts by both union supporters and firm management occur after this announcement, which contrasts with the Canadian system where about 60% of employee signatures on an official card can establish a union without separate election dates.
The Taft-Hartley Act allows U.S. workers to opt out of a union, creating a less union-friendly legal environment in the U.S. compared to Canada and other countries.