Final answer:
Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is covalently bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Strong attractions between the positive hydrogen atom and nearby lone pairs of electrons form hydrogen bonding. To identify hydrogen bonding, look for compounds with a hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hydrogen bonding occurs in molecules where hydrogen is covalently bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. These elements are so electronegative that they withdraw the majority of the electron density from the covalent bond with hydrogen, leaving the H atom very electron-deficient. This allows for strong attractions between the hydrogen atom and nearby lone pairs of electrons. To identify hydrogen bonding, you can look for compounds with a hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F, which are likely to be able to act as hydrogen bond donors. If a substance is both a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor, it can form hydrogen bonding.