Final answer:
The French forces left the island of Saint-Domingue due to Toussaint Louverture declaring Haiti's independence, Jean-Jacques Dessalines leading a successful rebellion, and Napoleon Bonaparte ceding control of the island.
Step-by-step explanation:
The French forces left the island of Saint-Domingue due to a combination of factors:
Toussaint Louverture declared that Haiti was an independent nation. Toussaint Louverture, a former slave and military leader, led a successful rebellion against the French and declared Haiti's sovereign independence on January 1, 1804.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines led a successful rebellion against the French. After Toussaint Louverture was captured and imprisoned by the French, his lieutenant, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, continued the revolution and defeated the French forces.
Napoleon Bonaparte ceded control of the island after the Napoleonic wars. Although Napoleon tried to regain control of Saint-Domingue, his army was overpowered by the rebel army. After the Napoleonic wars, Napoleon Bonaparte ceded control of the island.