Answer:
d. england, spain, and france.
Step-by-step explanation:
d. england, spain, and france.
The conflict between Catholics and Protestants in these countries was caused by the Reformation, a religious and political movement in the 16th century that resulted in the split of the Western Christian Church (WCC) into Protestant and Catholic branches.
England, Spain, and France all experienced conflict between Catholics and protestants. In England, the conflict was mainly between the Anglican Church (a Protestant denomination) and the Catholic Church. In Spain, the conflict was between the Spanish Inquisition (a Catholic institution) and Protestantism. In France, the conflict was between the Huguenots (French Protestants) and the Catholic Church.