Hello! Well this is a very interesting topic.
To start, we estimate the age of the universe to be between 13.8 and 14 billion years. The Big Bang Theory makes an effort to explain the universe's creation.
When the Earth first began to develop, 4.5 billion years ago, there was no atmosphere. Molten material that covered the Earth's surface was responsible for the emission of water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. Water was split into hydrogen and oxygen by the sun's UV radiation, and the lighter hydrogen fled. Ammonia and oxygen mixed to form nitrogen and water. Similar reactions produced carbon dioxide and water when it mixed with methane. Water vapor condensed into rain when it cooled, filling depression zones and forming the earliest seas. After the Earth's creation, some 500 million years ago, life first emerged.
When powerful ultraviolet (UV) light splits apart oxygen molecules into individual oxygen atoms, ozone is created in the atmosphere. However, if a free oxygen atom strikes an oxygen molecule, it combines together to generate ozone. Free oxygen atoms can recombine to make oxygen molecules. UV light may also break down ozone molecules into an oxygen molecule and a free oxygen atom. Thus, UV light from the sun continually produces and depletes ozone in the atmosphere. Because it stops the highly intense UV rays from reaching the Earth's surface, ozone found in the stratosphere is beneficial for life.
Energy was produced by volcanoes, cosmic radiation, and lightning. Primitive gases mixed with energy from the sun, volcanoes, and lightning to create organic compounds, most likely amino acids, fatty acids, monosaccharides, ATP, ADP, and nitrogenous bases.
These molecules can polymerize to create nucleic acids and other sophisticated chemical compounds. The term "hot dilute soup" refers to the ancient sea, which was the initial location where life appeared.
We have have no idea about how the first replicating metabolic capsule of life arose.
It's possible that the earliest noncellular living forms appeared three billion years ago. It's possible that they were huge molecules. Nearly two billion years ago, the first cells began to develop on this planet. They were both anaerobic and heterotrophic prokaryotes. Only in water can life be discovered in any form.
The oldest fossils are stromatolites, which date back 3.4 to 3.5 billion years. Protenoids developed over time. Autotrophs like cyanobacteria emerged as a result of mutations and evolution over time. In an Eukaryotic cell, the mitocondria and chloroplasts first appeared as prokaryotic symbionts.
In this way Oparin's hypothesis systematically explains the origin of life. It was verified by “Urey-Miller’s experiment”.
They devised an apparatus called spark discharge apparatus. This Apparatus simulated the primitive Earth's condition. Ammonia Methane water vapor are taken in a 5 litre flask. The energy was supplied by introducing tungsten electrodes and by passing electric discharges at 800 ℃. The continuous evaporation and condensation of water was arranged by boiling water in a round bottom flask and by providing a condenser below the spark chamber. An U shaped trap simulated the primitive sea. The experiment was made to run for a week. later the products present in the U shaped trap were analysed and it was found that simple organic substances like amino acids aliphatic acids were present in it. Thus Urey-Miller’s experiment provided experimental proof to the oparin’s hypothesis or the theory of chemical evolution.
Amino acids were indeed the surprise products from Urey-Miller’s experiment.
Hey, its all still a mystery waiting to be solved.
Thanks!
- Eddie E.