1. A pioneer species is...... the first species in a barren area.
2. After an extreme disturbance, what is the first thing to form in an ecosystem?....... a group of lichens
3. The melting and subsequent retreat of glaciers is a long process that may take centuries. Why is something so slow considered an extreme disturbance?......... They leave behind bare rock with no established ecosystem
4. Currently, which event is having the greatest effect on the entire interconnected ocean ecosystem?........ plastic pollution
5. Volcanic eruptions can.... drastically alter the ecosystem