Final answer:
NGOs fill in gaps in government services and act as watchdogs over elected officials, providing essential aid and advocating for change in areas such as human rights. They operate both independently and in collaboration with governments or IGOs, contributing significantly to global governance without threatening state sovereignty.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are important for several reasons, two of which are as follows: B. They often fill in gaps between government-funded services, providing crucial services and aid where governmental reach is limited or non-existent. D. They help citizens by acting as watchdogs over elected officials and can draw international attention to issues like human rights abuses, prompting changes in government policies. NGOs like the Red Cross, CARE, and the World Wildlife Fund are examples of organizations that deliver essential aid and services during crises such as natural disasters and wars.
NGOs often operate in the poorest and most conflict-torn areas of the world, offering access to health care, nutrition, education, and emergency relief, hence playing a critical role in global governance. They engage in transnational relations and may collaborate with governments, IGOs, or work independently, advocating for change and assisting in international treaty-making. The independent nature of NGOs allows them to propose solutions to issues or provide aid without threatening a state's sovereignty.