Answer:Chinese abacus is a kind of traditional arithmetic in China and a computing tool used to calculate things and methods in ancient China. It plays a very important role in ancient Chinese arithmetic and is a computing tool in ancient China.
The abacus has a history of more than 2000 years since 1046 BC! It evolved from the ancient calculation. Through countless generations of human history, the abacus has accumulated many valuable experiences and summarized many important calculation formulas, which are applicable to all aspects of daily life. It not only has the function of social culture, but also provides a new knowledge system for world culture.
Abacus has a long history. As early as in the famous painting "Picture of the River during the Qingming Festival" in the Northern Song Dynasty, you can clearly see a delicate abacus on the cabinet of Zhao Taicheng's pharmacy. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were five character quatrains titled Abacus in Liu Yin's Anthology of Mr. Jingxiu. In the Ming Dynasty, abacus became more popular, and even many books about abacus appeared.
Among them, the "Suanfa Tongzong" compiled and written by Cheng Dawei has the greatest impact on the future generations, the greatest achievements and the widest dissemination. After inheritance and development, today's abacus is formed. The publication of this book also marked the formation of abacus and had an indispensable and huge impact on the perfection and popularization of mathematical knowledge system.
Chinese traditional abacus has two beads on the top and five beads on the bottom, which is a calculation tool formed to adapt to the "hexadecimal system". Each bead above represents "five", and each bead below represents "one". When counting with an abacus, the calculation method of "full five liters of one decimal system" is usually used, that is, when each gear below is "full five", it is represented by a bead above, and all the beads on the lower side are withdrawn. When the top bead reaches "ten", it will "advance one" to the front on the left, and at the same time, it will back off the rear bead. By analogy, each gear can be calculated as long as four beads are returned.
The algorithm of abacus mechanization has lasted from the Ming Dynasty to the 1950s, and even has been used in some regions. Zhu Zaiyu applied abacus to scientific research and found the world's top "twelve average laws". In 2006, abacus was included in the list of representative projects of China's national intangible cultural heritage, and in 2013, Chinese abacus was included in the list of representative works of human intangible cultural heritage!
The abacus has been popular since the Ming Dynasty. Since Japan and Korea, it has spread to many western countries, then to Southeast Asian countries, and then to parts of South America, which is enough to reflect the powerful influence of the essence of Chinese culture.
The abacus is not only a very simple and simple computing tool, but also has a unique educational function to some extent, so it has always been popular and become a unique computing tool in China. Chinese abacus is not only the embodiment of Chinese civilization, but also the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation.
However, with the rise and rapid development of computers, abacus is becoming more and more invisible. Our country should increase the pace of popularizing the cultural value behind abacus to the public, combine the social reality to explore and make good use of the enlightenment function of abacus, give full play to the mathematical wisdom of abacus, serve modern science and technology, and combine the needs of the times to make continuous innovation. Young intellectuals in the new era should shoulder the responsibility of inheriting and developing the ancient mathematical wisdom of Chinese abacus, and promoting and enhancing the systematic, collaborative and holistic development of abacus!