Answer:
1 Following the Middle Ages, Europe experienced a fervent period of cultural, artistic, political, and economic "rebirth" known as the Renaissance. The Renaissance, which lasted from the 14th to the 17th centuries, promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature, and art.
2 The conventional beginning of Russian history is the foundation of the Rus' kingdom in the north, governed by Vikings, in 862. Staraya Ladoga and Novgorod were the first significant cities to emerge from the new marriage of Scandinavian immigrants with Slavs and Finns.
Step-by-step explanation: