Question

The weekly amount of money spent on maintenance and repairs by a company was observed, over a long period of time, to be approximately normally distributed with mean $440 and standard deviation $10. How much should be budgeted for weekly repairs and maintenance so that the probability the budgeted amount will be exceeded in a given week is only 0.05

Answer 1

$456.45 should be budgeted.

Explanation:

Normal Probability Distribution:

Problems of normal distributions can be solved using the z-score formula.

In a set with mean
`\mu` and standard deviation
`\sigma`, the z-score of a measure X is given by:

`Z = (X - \mu)/(\sigma)`

The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the measure is from the mean. After finding the Z-score, we look at the z-score table and find the p-value associated with this z-score. This p-value is the probability that the value of the measure is smaller than X, that is, the percentile of X. Subtracting 1 by the p-value, we get the probability that the value of the measure is greater than X.

Mean $440 and standard deviation $10.

This means that
`\mu = 440, \sigma = 10`

How much should be budgeted for weekly repairs and maintenance so that the probability the budgeted amount will be exceeded in a given week is only 0.05?

This is x for which

P(X > x) = 0.05

So this is the 100 - 5 = 95th percentile, which is X when Z has a pvalue of 0.95, so X when Z = 1.645.

`Z = (X - \mu)/(\sigma)`

`1.645 = (X - 440)/(10)`

`X - 440 = 10*1.645`

`X = 456.45`

$456.45 should be budgeted.