Explanation:
so, let's do the multiplications and squaring. and then compare the result with the target.
(x + a)² + b = x² + 2ax + a² + b
and the original expression is
x² - 4x + 19
x² = x² done
2ax = -4x
2a = -4
a = -2
a² + b = 19
(-2)² + b = 19
4 + b = 19
b = 15
so, the result is
(x - 2)² + 15