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Key Takeaways: Criminology
Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals.
It involves research to identify the factors that motivate certain persons to commit crimes, the impact of crime on society, the punishment of crime, and the development of ways to prevent it.
People involved in criminology are called criminologists and work in law enforcement, government, private research, and academic settings.
Since its beginnings in the 1800s, criminology has evolved into an ongoing effort to help law enforcement and the criminal justice system respond to the changing societal factors contributing to criminal behavior.
Criminology has helped develop several effective modern crime prevention practices such as community-oriented and predictive policing.
Criminology Definition
Criminology encompasses a wider analysis of criminal behavior, as opposed to the general term crime, which refers to specific acts, such as robbery, and how those acts are punished. Criminology also attempts to account for fluctuations in crime rates due to changes in society and law enforcement practices. Increasingly, criminologists working in law enforcement employ advanced tools of scientific forensics, such as fingerprint study, toxicology, and DNA analysis to detect, prevent, and more often than not, solve crimes.
Modern criminology seeks a deeper understanding of the psychological and sociological influences that make certain people more likely than others to commit crimes.
Deviant Personality Traits
From a psychological perspective, criminologists attempt to explain how deviant personality traits—such as a constant need for the gratification of desires—might trigger criminal behavior. In doing so, they study the processes by which people acquire such traits and how their criminal response to them can be restrained. Often, these processes are attributed to the interaction of genetic predisposition and repeated social experiences.
Many theories of criminology have come from the study of deviant behavioral sociological factors. These theories suggest that criminality is a natural response to certain types of social experiences.
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