Final answer:
The Texas Constitution embodies the principle of popular sovereignty, conferring on the people the authority to shape their government, and includes mechanisms like separation of powers and checks and balances to maintain a limited government.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle found in the Texas Constitution that gives the people the power to determine the type of government they have is popular sovereignty. This concept is rooted in the Enlightenment idea that political power originates from the consent of the governed, which is reflected in the opening words of the United States Constitution, "We the People." In Texas, this principle ensures that the government operates with the consent and authority provided by its citizens. The Texas Constitution, similar to the U.S. Constitution, incorporates a separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, and employs a system of checks and balances to prevent any single branch from overpowering the others.
Moreover, the limited government concept is evident in the Constitution's structure, specifically crafted to safeguard individual liberties by restricting governmental power and allowing the populace to govern themselves.