Part A.
In this case, we need to find the difference between two consecutive output values. For instance,

which gives

If we choose another pair of consecutive values, we will have the same difference. Then, the answer for part A is -8
Part B.
In this case, we wiil choose any two inputs that are 2 units apart, for instance,
Then, the difference of the outputs is given by

which gives

If we choose another pair of consecutive values, we will have the same difference. Then, the answer for part B is: -16
Part C.
Similarly to the previous cases, we need to find the difference between any inputs that are 3 units apart, for instance,
Then, the difference of the outputs is given by

If we choose another pair of consecutive values, we will have the same difference. Then, the answer for part C is: -24
part D.
From the given results, the ratios are;

and

As we can note the ratios are the same and equal to 8.