Let us call the price of the apple a.
The balance is lower on the left, which means
this says that the banana and the strawberries on the right side of the balance cost more than the orange and the apple on the left side.
Adding the numbers on the left gets us
subtracting 0.45 from both sides gives
which can also be written as
which means the price of apples is less than $0.45.
PART IV.
A situation similar to the one above is the following.
The circles (which can be balls) cost $1 and the price of triangular toys we do not know. This situation gives us the inequality
and finally dividing both sides by 2 gets us
Hence, the price of triangular toys must be less than $0.5.