The question provides the relationship as shown below:

If we solve both sides individually, we have the left-hand side to give

and the right-hand side to give

Since both sides give the same result, we can attempt to manipulate the left-hand side of the equation with a common property we are familiar with: The Distributive Property.
The Distributive Property is written out as shown below:

Applying this rule to the left-hand side, we get:

This is the same expression present on the right-hand side of the equation.
Therefore, the property illustrated is the DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY.