Answer:
Compactness refers to the principle that the constituents residing
within an electoral district should live as near to one another as possible Compactness can be measured as a ratio of the circumference of a district and its total area. Districts with higher ratios are said to be less compact. Compact districts tend to resemble geometric shapes, such as squares, with straight borders. Compactness can also refer to a shared culture among the residents of a district, with compact districts being those in which most residents share a common culture.